Обновленное издание ускоренного курса неврологии

PRZEDMIOTEM OFERTY JEST KOD DOSTĘPOWY DO KSIĄŻKI ELEKTRONICZNEJ (EBOOK)

KSIĄŻKA JEST DOSTĘPNA NA ZEWNĘTRZNEJ PLATFORMIE. KSIĄŻKA NIE JEST W POSTACI PLIKU.

Crash Course - your effective everyday study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have all the core information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success.

A winning formula now for over 15 years, each volume has been fine-tuned and fully updated, with an improved layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by junior doctors - those who understand what is essential for exam success - with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert Faculty Advisors, the result is a series of books which exactly meets your needs and you know you can trust.

Neurology remains an integral area within the medical curriculum and clinical practice. This volume provides a logical approach to understanding the fundamental concepts that underlie common neurological conditions and reflects the exciting advances in their diagnosis and management. It offers concise coverage of the history, examination and investigations relevant to neurology; the analysis and differential diagnosis of common presenting symptoms as well as the clinical features and management of important neurological disorders.

Crash Course Neurology will provide a solid foundation not only for medical students preparing for exams and postgraduates working towards MRCP, but is also an excellent reference for those working in hospital medicine and general practice.

• More than 200 tables and illustrations present clinical, diagnostic and practical information in an easy-to-follow manner
• Friendly and accessible approach to the subject makes learning especially easy
• Written by junior doctors for students - authors who understand exam pressures
• Contains Hints and Tips’ boxes, and other useful aide-mémoires
• Succinct coverage of the subject enables sharp focus’ and efficient use of time during exam preparation
• Contains a fully updated self-assessment section - ideal for honing exam skills and self-testing

• Self-assessment section fully updated to reflect current exam requirements
• Contains common exam pitfalls’ as advised by faculty
• Crash Courses also available electronically!
• Online self-assessment bank also available - content edited by Dan Horton-Szar!

Crash Course - your effective everyday study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have all the core information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success.

A winning formula now for over 15 years, each volume has been fine-tuned and fully updated, with an improved layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by junior doctors - those who understand what is essential for exam success - with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert Faculty Advisors, the result is a series of books which exactly meets your needs and you know you can trust.

Neurology remains an integral area within the medical curriculum and clinical practice. This volume provides a logical approach to understanding the fundamental concepts that underlie common neurological conditions and reflects the exciting advances in their diagnosis and management. It offers concise coverage of the history, examination and investigations relevant to neurology; the analysis and differential diagnosis of common presenting symptoms as well as the clinical features and management of important neurological disorders.

Crash Course Neurology will provide a solid foundation not only for medical students preparing for exams and postgraduates working towards MRCP, but is also an excellent reference for those working in hospital medicine and general practice.

• Autorzy: Yogarajah, Mahinda
• Wydawnictwo: Elsevier Limited (UK)
• Data wydania:
• Wydanie: 4
• Liczba stron: 320
• Forma publikacji: PDF (online)
• Język publikacji: angielski
• ISBN: 9780723439332

BRAK MOŻLIWOŚCI POBRANIA PLIKU. Drukowanie: OGRANICZENIE DO 50 stron. Kopiowanie: OGRANICZENIE DO 50 stron.

• Crash Course: Neurology
• Copyright
• Series editor foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Dedication
• Contents
• PART I: HISTORY, EXAMINATION AND COMMON INVESTIGATIONS
• Chapter 1: Taking a history
• STRUCTURE OF THE HISTORY
• The presenting complaint
• History of the presenting complaint
• Past medical history
• Drug history
• Review of systems
• Family history
• Social history
• Summary
• Chapter 2: The neurological examination
• MENTAL STATE AND HIGHER CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS
• Consciousness
• Appearance and behaviour
• Affect
• Cognitive function
• Mini-mental State Examination
• SPEECH
• Phonation: dysphonia
• Assessment
• Articulation: dysarthria
• Assessment
• Language production: dysphasia
• Assessment
• GAIT
• CRANIAL NERVES
• Olfactory nerve (first, I)
• Optic nerve (second, II)
• Visual acuity
• Colour vision
• Visual fields
• Peripheral fields
• Blind spot
• Central field
• Perimetry
• Fundoscopy
• Oculomotor (third, III), trochlear (fourth, IV), and abducens (sixth, VI) nerves
• Eyelids
• Pupils
• Size and shape
• Light response
• Accommodation
• Eye movements
• Pursuit eye movements
• Saccadic eye movements
• Ocular nerve palsies
• Nystagmus
• Trigeminal (fifth, V) nerve
• Motor
• Jaw jerk
• Sensory
• Facial (seventh, VII) nerve
• Motor
• Sensory
• Taste (visceral afferent)
• Vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth, VIII)
• Hearing
• Vestibular function
• Glossopharyngeal (ninth, IX) and vagus (tenth, X) nerves
• Motor
• Sensory
• Accessory (eleventh, XI) nerve
• Hypoglossal (twelfth, XII) nerve
• THE MOTOR SYSTEM
• Inspection
• Tone
• Arm
• Pyramidal hypertonia: spasticity
• Extrapyramidal rigidity
• Legs
• Power
• Reflexes
• Coordination
• Gait
• Arms
• Legs
• The heel–shin test
• The tapping test
• THE SENSORY SYSTEM
• Sensory testing
• Sensory modalities
• Pain
• Temperature
• Light touch
• Joint-position sense
• Vibration
• Two-point discrimination
• GENERAL EXAMINATION
• Chapter 3: Further investigations
• ROUTINE INVESTIGATIONS
• NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
• Electroencephalography
• Electromyography and nerve conduction studies
• EMG
• Nerve conduction studies
• Evoked potentials
• IMAGING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Plain radiography
• Skull radiography
• Spinal radiography
• Computed tomography scanning
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Myelography
• Catheter arteriography
• Duplex ultrasonography
• PART II: THE PATIENT PRESENTS WITH...
• Chapter 4: Disorders of higher cerebral function
• FRONTAL LOBE
• Normal functions
• Blood supply
• Symptoms from lesions of the frontal lobe
• PARIETAL LOBE
• Function
• Blood supply
• Symptoms from lesions of the parietal lobe
• Syndromes of the dominant parietal lobe
• Syndromes of the non-dominant parietal lobe
• TEMPORAL LOBE
• Function
• Blood supply
• Symptoms from lesions of the temporal lobe
• DYSPHASIA
• OCCIPITAL LOBE
• Function
• Blood supply
• Symptoms from lesions of the occipital lobe
• Chapter 5: Disturbances of consciousness
• TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• Syncope
• 1. Vasovagal syncope
• 2. Situational syncope – micturition and cough syncope
• 3. Postural hypotension
• 4. Syncope due to primary cardiac dysfunction
• 5. Carotid sinus disease
• Seizures
• Hypoglycaemia
• Narcolepsy/cataplexy
• Hyperventilation
• Vertebrobasilar ischaemia
• Non-epileptic attacks
• Investigating transient loss of consciousness
• DRIVING AND EPISODES OF DISTURBANCES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• COMA
• Differential diagnosis of coma
• Non-convulsive status epilepticus
• Akinetic mutism
• Locked-in syndrome
• Persistent vegetative state
• Catatonia
• Causes of persistent disturbance of consciousness
• Clinical approach to the comatose patient
• Examination of the comatose patient
• Signs of head injury
• Neck stiffness
• Respiratory pattern
• Pupil responses
• Resting position of the eyes
• Ocular movements
• Fundoscopic abnormalities
• Corneal reflexes
• Limb posture and movement
• Investigations in the comatose patient
• Prognosis of coma
• BRAINSTEM DEATH
• Chapter 6: Headache
• Recurrent episodic headache
• Chronic daily headache
• New daily persistent headache
• Subacute-onset and progressive headache
• Acute-onset headache
• HISTORY
• EXAMINATION
• Chapter 7: Disorders of smell and taste
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Anosmia and hyposmia
• Ageusia and dysgeusia
• Hyperosmia
• Olfactory hallucinations
• Examination
• INVESTIGATIONS
• Chapter 8: Visual impairment
• THE ANATOMICAL PATH OF LIGHT STIMULATION
• 1. Retina to optic nerve
• 2. Optic nerve to optic chiasm
• 3. Optic chiasm to lateral geniculate nucleus
• 4. Lateral geniculate nucleus to occipital cortex
• BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE VISUAL PATHWAY
• Visual field defects
• CLINICAL FEATURES TO AID LOCALIZATION OF A LESION
• Retinal lesion
• Optic nerve lesion (see 1, Fig. 8.1)
• Optic chiasm lesion (see 2, Fig. 8.1)
• Optic radiation and optic tract lesions (see 3, 4, 5, Fig. 8.1)
• Occipital cortex lesions (see 6, Fig. 8.1)
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VISUAL LOSS
• Monocular or binocular visual impairment
• Acute transient visual impairment
• Amaurosis fugax
• Migraine with aura
• Papilloedema
• Acute persistent visual impairment
• Optic neuritis
• Retinal or optic nerve ischaemia
• Arterial thromboembolism of the middle or posterior cerebral artery
• OPTIC ATROPHY
• Chapter 9: Disorders of the pupils and eye movements
• PUPILLARY REFLEXES
• Pupillary light reflex pathway – parasympathetic pathways
• Pupillary light reflex pathway – sympathetic pathways
• The accommodation reflex
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PUPIL DISORDERS
• Anisocoria
• Physiological anisocoria
• Small constricted (miotic) pupil
• Old age
• Medications
• Horner syndrome
• Argyll Robertson pupils
• Large dilated (mydriatic) pupil
• Disorders of the iris and iatrogenic mydriasis
• Third nerve lesions
• Holmes–Adie pupil
• Relative afferent pupillary defect
• DISORDERS OF EYE MOVEMENTS
• Conjugate gaze
• Binocular diplopia
• Dysfunction of the extraocular muscles
• Dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction
• Dysfunction of the ocular cranial nerves
• Lesions of the third (oculomotor) nucleus and nerve (see Figs 9.6 and 9.7)
• Lesions of the fourth (trochlear) nucleus and nerve (see Figs 9.8 and 9.9)
• Lesions of the sixth (abducens) nucleus and nerve (see Figs 9.10 and 9.11)
• Lesions of the brainstem and the internuclear pathways
• Supranuclear lesions
• Horizontal gaze palsy
• One-and-a-half syndrome
• Vertical gaze palsy
• Nystagmus
• Pendular nystagmus due to visual impairment
• Congenital nystagmus
• Jerky nystagmus
• Physiological nystagmus
• Nystagmoid jerks’
• Optokinetic nystagmus
• Pathological nystagmus
• Central nystagmus
• Peripheral nystagmus
• Chapter 10: Facial sensory loss and weakness
• THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF FACIAL SENSORY LOSS
• Supranuclear lesions
• Brainstem lesions
• Cerebellopontine angle lesions
• Cavernous sinus lesions
• Lesions of the trigeminal root, ganglion and peripheral branches of the nerve
• FACIAL NERVE
• Facial nerve anatomy
• Upper and lower motor neuron facial weakness
• Differential diagnosis of facial weakness
• Chapter 11: Deafness, tinnitus, dizziness and vertigo
• DEAFNESS AND TINNITUS
• THE AUDITORY SYSTEM
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEAFNESS
• Rinne's test
• Weber's test
• Conductive deafness
• Sensorineural deafness
• Disorders of the cochlear apparatus
• Disorders of the cochlear nerve
• Disorders of the brainstem
• Disorders of the supranuclear connections
• Investigations for deafness
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF TINNITUS
• THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
• Clinical features of labyrinthine failure
• Examples of labyrinthine failure
• Méniere's disease
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Other causes
• Vestibular nerve lesions
• Vestibular neuronitis
• Cerebellopontine angle lesions
• Brainstem lesions
• Cerebellar lesions
• Other types of dizziness
• INVESTIGATIONS FOR VERTIGO
• Hallpike manoeuvre
• Caloric test
• Chapter 12: Dysarthria, dysphonia and dysphagia
• DEFINITIONS
• DYSARTHRIA
• Upper motor neuron lesions
• Lower motor neuron lesions
• Basal ganglia lesions
• Parkinson's disease
• Chorea
• Athetosis
• Cerebellar lesions
• Myopathies and disorders of the neuromuscular junction
• Oropharyngeal lesions
• DYSPHAGIA
• Sites of lesions causing dysphagia
• DYSPHONIA
• Chapter 13: Cerebellar dysfunction
• CLINICAL FEATURES OF CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTION
• Incoordination of movement
• Ataxic gait
• Ataxic dysarthric speech
• Abnormal eye movements
• Titubation
• Altered posture
• Hypotonia
• LOCALIZATION OF A CEREBELLAR LESION
• Cerebellar hemisphere
• Cerebellar vermis
• Chapter 14: Movement disorders
• THE ANATOMICAL BASIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS
• THE HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS: TREMOR AND DYSTONIA
• Tremor
• Resting tremor
• Postural tremor
• 1. Physiological tremor
• 2. Essential tremor
• 3. Neuropathic tremor
• 4. Dystonic tremor
• Kinetic tremor
• 1. Cerebellar tremor (intention tremor)
• 2. Red nuclear rubral’ tremor
• Mixed tremors
• DYSTONIA
• 1. Primary dystonia
• 2. Dystonia-plus syndromes – dopa-responsive dystonia
• 3. Secondary dystonia
• 4. Paroxysmal dystonia
• THE HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS: CHOREA, TICS AND MYOCLONUS
• Chorea
• Huntington's disease (Huntington's chorea)
• Ballism
• Tics
• Myoclonus
• 1. Myoclonic epilepsy
• 2. Progressive myoclonic epilepsy
• 3. Symptomatic myoclonus
• Chapter 15: Limb weakness
• NEUROANATOMY
• The upper motor neuron pathway
• The lower motor neuron pathway
• The neuromuscular junction and muscle pathway
• TERMINOLOGY
• UPPER MOTOR NEURON WEAKNESS
• Increased tone (spasticity)
• Pyramidal-pattern’ weakness
• Absence of muscle wasting and fasciculations
• Brisk tendon reflexes and extensor plantar responses
• UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROMES
• Hemiparesis – unilateral arm and leg weakness
• Tetraparesis – weakness in all four limbs
• Paraparesis – weakness in both legs
• Monoparesis – weakness of a single limb
• LOWER MOTOR NEURON WEAKNESS
• Decreased tone
• Focal pattern of weakness and wasting
• Fasciculations
• Pain and sensory disturbance
• Reduced tendon reflexes and flexor plantar responses
• LOWER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROMES
• Anterior horn cell disease
• Radiculopathy and plexopathy
• Brachial plexopathy
• Lumbosacral plexopathy
• Neuropathy
• DISORDERS OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
• MYOPATHY
• Chapter 16: Limb sensory symptoms
• DORSAL (POSTERIOR) COLUMN PATHWAY
• SPINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY
• TROPHIC SKIN CHANGES AND ULCERS
• SENSORY SYNDROMES
• Lesions of peripheral nerves
• Mononeuropathy
• Multiple mononeuropathy
• Polyneuropathy
• Lesions of the spinal nerve roots, dorsal roots and ganglia
• Lesions of the spinal cord
• Transection of the cord
• Lesion of the posterior spinal cord
• Lesion of the anterior cord
• Hemisection of the cord (Brown–Séquard syndrome)
• Central cord lesion
• Lesions of the brainstem
• Lesions of the thalamus
• Lesions of the parietal lobe
• Chapter 17: Disorders of gait
• PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF GAIT
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISORDERS OF GAIT
• Gait of cerebellar ataxia
• Hemiparetic gait
• Spastic gait
• Parkinsonian gait
• Gait of sensory ataxia
• Steppage gait
• Myopathic gait
• Apraxic gait
• Antalgic gait
• Functional gait
• PART III: DISEASES AND DISORDERS
• Chapter 18: Dementia
• DEFINITION
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES
• HISTORY
• EXAMINATION
• INVESTIGATIONS
• Blood tests
• Imaging of the brain
• Lumbar puncture
• Neuropsychometry
• Electroencephalography
• Genetic testing
• Brain biopsy
• MANAGEMENT
• PRIMARY NEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIAS
• Alzheimer's disease
• Pathology
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis
• Drug treatment
• Prognosis
• Dementia with Lewy bodies
• Frontotemporal lobar dementia
• Vascular dementia
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• VASCULITIS
• DEMENTIA AS A PART OF OTHER DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
• PSEUDODEMENTIA
• Chapter 19: Epilepsy
• DEFINITIONS
• CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES
• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• AETIOLOGY
• Family history
• Antenatal and perinatal factors
• Trauma and surgery
• Metabolic causes
• Toxic causes
• Infectious and inflammatory causes
• Vascular causes
• Intracranial tumours
• Hypoxia
• Degenerative diseases
• Photosensitivity
• Sleep deprivation
• CLINICAL FEATURES
• Partial seizures
• Simple partial seizures
• Complex partial seizures
• Secondarily generalized seizures
• Generalized seizures
• Generalized tonic–clonic seizures
• Absence seizures
• Myoclonic seizures
• Atonic and tonic seizures
• HISTORY AND INVESTIGATIONS TO AID DIAGNOSIS
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
• DRUG TREATMENT
• When to start drug treatment
• What drugs to choose
• Pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs
• Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs
• Acute toxicity
• Idiosyncratic toxicity
• Chronic toxicity
• Teratogenicity and pregnancy
• Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs
• STATUS EPILEPTICUS
• Drug treatment
• NEUROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY
• MORTALITY OF EPILEPSY
• DRIVING AND EPILEPSY
• Chapter 20: Headache and craniofacial pains
• TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE
• MIGRAINE
• Migraine with aura or classical migraine’
• Common migraine
• Basilar migraine
• Hemiplegic migraine
• Management
• During an attack
• Prophylaxis
• CLUSTER HEADACHE
• Treatment
• OTHER NEUROLOGICAL CAUSES OF HEADACHE AND CRANIOFACIAL PAIN
• Headache of raised intracranial pressure
• Low pressure headache
• NON-NEUROLOGICAL CAUSES OF HEADACHE AND CRANIOFACIAL PAIN
• Giant-cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Local causes
• Chapter 21: Parkinson's disease and other extrapyramidal disorders
• AKINETIC–RIGID SYNDROMES
• Parkinson's disease
• Pathology
• Aetiology
• Clinical features
• Tremor
• Rigidity
• Bradykinesia, hypokinesia and akinesia
• Postural changes
• Non-motor, cognitive and psychiatric features
• Natural history
• Investigations
• Treatment
• Levodopa (L-dopa)
• Dopamine agonists
• Anticholinergic drugs
• Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors
• COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors
• Management of hallucinations, psychosis and confusion
• Surgery
• Differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
• The atypical parkinsonian disorders
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Multisystem atrophy
• Corticobasal degeneration
• Other parkinsonian syndromes
• Medication-induced parkinsonism
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Wilson’s disease
• NEUROLEPTIC-INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS
• Acute dystonic reactions
• Medication-induced parkinsonism
• Akathisia
• Tardive dyskinesia
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
• RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
• Chapter 22: Cranial nerve lesions
• OLFACTORY NERVE (FIRST, I)
• OPTIC NERVE (SECOND, II)
• Visual field defects
• Papilloedema
• Optic neuritis
• Optic atrophy
• OCULOMOTOR (THIRD, III), TROCHLEAR (FOURTH, IV) AND ABDUCENS NERVES (SIXTH, VI)
• Combined ocular palsies
• TRIGEMINAL NERVE (FIFTH, V)
• Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux’)
• Postherpetic neuralgia
• FACIAL NERVE (SEVENTH, VII)
• Bell's palsy
• VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE (EIGHTH, VIII)
• Cerebellopontine angle lesions
• Méniere's disease
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Acute vestibular failure
• LOWER CRANIAL NERVES (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL, VAGUS, ACCESSORY AND HYPOGLOSSAL)
• Jugular foramen syndrome
• Chapter 23: Diseases affecting the spinal cord (myelopathy)
• ANATOMY
• MAJOR PATHWAYS WITHIN THE SPINAL CORD
• Pain and temperature
• Proprioception (joint-position sense) and vibration
• Motor pathways
• The clinical syndromes of spinal cord disease
• Paraparesis (spastic paraparesis or paraplegia)
• Tetraparesis (spastic tetraparesis, tetraplegia, quadriparesis and quadriplegia)
• Brown–Séquard syndrome (unilateral cord lesion)
• CAUSES OF SPINAL CORD DISEASE
• Transection of the cord
• Differential diagnosis
• Treatment
• Spinal cord compression
• Causes
• Degenerative disease – spondylotic/disc disease and spinal canal stenosis
• Spinal cord tumours
• Infective lesions
• Epidural haemorrhage and haematoma
• Vascular cord lesions
• Anterior spinal artery occlusion
• Dural ateriovenous fistulas
• Intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations
• Cavernous haemangiomas
• Transverse myelitis
• Metabolic and toxic cord disease
• Subacute combined degeneration of the cord
• Copper deficiency myeloneuropathy
• Intrinsic cord lesions
• Syringomyelia and syringobulbia
• Chapter 24: Motor neuron disease
• TYPES AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF MOTOR NEURON DISEASE
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Progressive muscular atrophy
• Progressive bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy
• Primary lateral sclerosis
• PATHOGENESIS
• DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Progressive muscular atrophy
• Pseudobulbar/bulbar palsy
• DIAGNOSIS
• TREATMENT
• Drug treatment
• Symptomatic treatment
• Chapter 25: Radiculopathy and plexopathy
• ANATOMY
• RADICULOPATHY (SPINAL NERVE ROOT LESIONS)
• Clinical features
• Specific radiculopathies
• Lateral cervical disc protrusion
• Lateral lumbar disc protrusion
• Central lumbar disc protrusion
• PLEXOPATHIES
• Brachial plexopathies
• Trauma
• Neuralgic amyotrophy (acute brachial neuropathy, brachial neuritis)
• Malignant infiltration
• Pancoast tumour
• Radiotherapy-induced plexopathy
• Compression
• Cervical rib (thoracic outlet syndrome)
• Lumbosacral plexus
• Diabetic amyotrophy
• Chapter 26: Disorders of the peripheral nerves
• ANATOMY
• DEFINITIONS OF NEUROPATHIES
• SYMPTOMS OF NEUROPATHY
• Sensory symptoms and signs
• Negative symptoms (loss of sensation)
• Positive symptoms
• Sensory examination
• Autonomic symptoms
• Motor symptoms
• Motor examination
• Skeletal symptoms
• INVESTIGATION OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
• SPECIFIC NEUROPATHIES
• Mononeuropathies
• Peripheral nerve compression and entrapment neuropathies
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Ulnar nerve compression
• Radial nerve compression
• Common peroneal nerve palsy
• Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (meralgia paraesthetica)
• Multifocal neuropathy (mononeuritis multiplex)
• Polyneuropathies
• Polyneuropathies associated with systemic disease
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Renal disease
• Paraneoplastic polyneuropathy
• Connective tissue diseases and vasculitides
• Porphyria
• Amyloidosis
• Neuropathies caused by drugs and toxins
• Drugs
• Toxins
• Alcoholic neuropathy
• Inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies
• Guillain–Barré syndrome (postinfective polyneuropathy)
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
• Multifocal motor neuropathy
• Neuropathies caused by nutritional deficiencies
• Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency (beriberi)
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Vitamin E deficiency
• Neuropathies caused by infection
• Hereditary neuropathies
• General characteristics of hereditary motor sensory neuropathies
• Critical illness polyneuropathy
• Chapter 27: Disorders of the neuromuscular junction
• MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
• Clinical features
• Investigations
• Tensilon (edrophonium) test
• Serum acetylcholine receptor and MUSK antibodies
• Electromyography
• Thymus imaging
• Autoantibodies
• Spirometry
• Management
• Oral acetylcholinesterases
• Thymectomy
• Immunosuppression
• LAMBERT–EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME
• OTHER MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES
• BOTULINUM TOXIN
• Chapter 28: Disorders of skeletal muscle
• ANATOMY
• CLINICAL FEATURES OF MUSCLE DISEASE (MYOPATHY)
• Weakness
• Changes in muscle tone
• Changes in muscle bulk
• Changes in reflexes
• Changes in muscle contractility
• Pain
• Onset of muscle weakness and family history
• INVESTIGATION OF MUSCLE DISEASE
• SPECIFIC DISEASES
• Hereditary myopathies
• Muscular dystrophies
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• Becker’s muscular dystrophy
• Other muscular dystrophies
• Myotonic disorders
• Myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica)
• Metabolic myopathies
• Periodic paralyses
• Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis
• Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis
• Mitochondrial myopathies
• Inflammatory myopathies
• Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
• Clinical features
• Investigations
• Treatment
• Inclusion body myositis
• Acquired electrolyte and endocrine myopathies
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Hypokalaemia
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Drug-induced myopathies
• Paraneoplastic myopathy
• Critical Illness myopathy
• Chapter 29: Vascular diseases of the nervous system
• CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
• Definitions
• Stroke
• Transient ischaemic attack
• Types of stroke
• Incidence of stroke
• Aetiology of stroke
• Risk factors
• Vascular anatomy
• Clinical syndromes
• Transient ischaemic attacks
• Middle cerebral artery occlusion
• Anterior cerebral artery occlusion
• Posterior cerebral artery occlusion
• Carotid artery occlusion
• Lacunar stroke
• Vertebral and basilar artery occlusion – brainstem stroke
• Specific brainstem syndromes
• Border zone ischaemia
• Primary intracerebral haemorrhage
• Investigation of stroke and transient ischaemic attack
• Initial investigations
• Special investigations
• Imaging
• Carotid Doppler
• Cerebral angiography
• Echocardiography and Holter monitoring
• Management of stroke
• Thrombolysis
• Other management aims
• Management of transient ischaemic attacks
• Prognosis
• INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE
• Subarachnoid haemorrhage
• Causes
• Risk factors
• Clinical features
• Investigation
• Immediate management
• Subsequent management
• Prognosis
• Subdural and extradural haemorrhage
• Subdural haematoma
• Extradural haemorrhage
• Management
• CEREBROVASCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN VASCULITIS
• Investigations
• Treatment
• CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS
• Clinical features
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• DISSECTION
• VASCULAR DISEASE OF THE SPINAL CORD
• Anterior spinal artery syndrome
• Causes
• Clinical features
• Management
• Chapter 30: Neuro-oncology
• TYPES OF INTRACRANIAL TUMOUR
• Gliomas
• Astrocytoma
• Oligodendroglioma
• Glioblastoma multiforme
• Ependymoma
• Meningiomas
• Primary central nervous system lymphoma
• Pituitary tumours
• Nerve sheath tumours – neurofibromas and schwannomas
• Haemangioblastomas
• Metastases
• CLINICAL FEATURES OF INTRACRANIAL TUMOURS
• Raised intracranial pressure
• Herniation
• False localizing signs
• Focal neurological signs
• Seizures
• INVESTIGATIONS
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Specialized neuroradiology
• Stereotactic brain biopsy
• TREATMENT
• Cerebral oedema and raised intracranial pressure
• Seizures
• Surgery
• Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
• PROGNOSIS
• NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF CANCER
• Chapter 31: Infections of the nervous system
• GENERAL CONDITIONS
• Meningitis
• Causative agents
• Bacteria
• Clinical features

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Na podstawie art. 38 pkt 13 Ustawy z dnia 30 maja 2014 roku o prawach konsumenta realizując kod dostępowy rezygnujesz z prawa do odstąpienia od umowy zawartej na odległość.

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